![]() ![]() Such symptoms may not always be present however, they can be difficult to interpret in the setting of sporting activity, where those participating may often be pushing themselves to the point of exhaustion. Warning symptoms for future SCA may include previous episodes of collapse or near-collapse, dizziness, palpitations, chest pain, shortness of breath or unexplained episodes of brief seizure-like activity. SCA is more common in boys than girls and is more likely to occur during or just after sporting activity. This is important as recognising symptoms and early use of a defibrillator will improve survival. However, this includes a small cohort of cardiac arrests from a primary cardiac cause (which includes cases referred to as “sudden cardiac arrest” or SCA). The overall outcome for return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) at hospital handover by emergency medical services teams was 18%, and survival to hospital discharge was 9.2%. Only 6% of children had a shockable rhythm, and 60% presented in asystole. A medical cause was determined in two-thirds of cases, with 7% asphyxiation, 6% trauma, 2% drowning and 1% toxic ingestions (remaining aetiologies unknown). Whilst one-third of cases were witnessed, only 60% received bystander CPR. The rates of OHCA in infants are generally much higher, which is often attributed to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS).įor the whole cohort, the median age of the children was 3.3 years old, and 58% were male. Data collected from 2014 to 2022 indicated that the incidence of OHCA in children under 18 years in the UK was 5 per 100,000 children. The OHCAO project has been collecting data from NHS ambulance Trusts regarding OHCA events in children under 18 years of age since 2014. It would be sufficient to teach these groups the adult sequence of 30:2 with the paediatric modifiers unless they express a particular wish or interest to learn the full paediatric sequence.įortunately, out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in childhood is a rare event. Although they may have to resuscitate a child, this would be a very unusual event and they are more likely to have to resuscitate a parent or grandparent. There are other potential rescuers such as dentists, general practitioners, health visitors, and school nurses who are healthcare professionals working with children, but they often work alone. Use two fingers for an infant under one year use one or two hands for a child over one year to achieve an adequate depth of compression. Compress the chest by one-third of its depth, approximately 4 cm for an infant and approximately 5 cm for an older child.If on your own, perform CPR for approximately 1 minute before going for help.Give 5 initial breaths before starting chest compressions. ![]() teachers, lifeguards) should be taught the adult BLS sequence of 30:2 with the following modification that makes it more suitable for use on children: ![]() Members of the public with responsibility for the care of children (e.g. The current Resuscitation Guidelines reiterate this approach and promote the delivery of BLS by the general public and the use of the same sequence on children who are not responsive and not breathing normally. This fear is unfounded it is far better to use the adult BLS sequence for the resuscitation of a child than to do nothing. Members of the public should be taught the adult BLS sequence of 30 compressions : 2 ventilations.Ĭardiorespiratory arrest occurs less frequently in children and many children do not receive resuscitation because potential rescuers fear causing harm. These people usually work in teams of two or more rescuers. The full paediatric BLS sequence of 15:2 is still aimed at healthcare professionals with a duty to respond to paediatric emergencies (e.g.Įmergency Department staff, paediatric doctors and nurses, paramedics). There has been no change in who should deliver the full paediatric BLS sequence with the Guidelines. ![]()
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